电子辐照诱发固态相变导致的氮化硼纳米结构生长

报道了N+离子轰击产生的氮化硼(BN)纳米结构,及在电子辐照时结构演化的高分辨透射电子显微镜的原位测定结果.应当强调的是,这种类富勒烯和发夹结构的演化,实际上是电子辐照诱发固态相变的发展,观察中发现的一些BN颗粒、卷曲物,可以被认为是类富勒烯等纳米结构形成的前体或早期阶段.提出了一种类富勒烯等结构的电子辐照动力学模型,并进行了讨论. 关键词： 氮化硼 电子辐照 透射电子显微镜 氮化硼纳米形成物     

开普勒第二定律的建立

 约翰·开普勒(ＪｏｈａｎｎｅｓＫｅｐｌｅｒ,1571-1630)是德国著名的天文学家和物理学家,一生在多方面对科学的发展做出了贡献,尤其在天文学领域,他经过多年的努力探索,建立了开普勒三定律,从而使人们对行星的运动有了更加明确清晰的认识,也为牛顿发现万有引力定律奠定了基础。正是由于这一卓越的科学成就,开普勒被后人称为“天空的立法者”。本文就他建立开普勒第二定律的过程做一探讨。1.第谷与开普勒的合作科学的发展不仅需要理论,而且不能离开观察实验。在科学向前发展的过程中,有时理论这只脚向前先迈一步,有时观察实验这只脚向前先迈一步。     

Influence of Yb-Doped Nanoporous TiO2 Films on Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Yb-doped TiO2 pastes with different Yb/TiO2 weight ratios are prepared in the sol-gel process to obtain dyesensitized solar cells （DSCs）. The nanocrystalline size of Yb-TiO2 becomes smaller and the lattice parameters change. Lattice distortion is observed and dark current is detected. It is found that a part of Yb existing as insulating oxide Yb2O3 state acts as barrier layers at the electrode-electrolyte interface to suppress charge recombination. A Yb-doped TiO2 electrode applied in DSCs leads to a higher open-circuit voltage and a higher fill factor. How the Yb-doped TiO2 films affect the photovoltaic response of DSCs is discussed.     

Application of Electron-Shelving Detection via 423 nm Transition in Calcium-Beam Optical Frequency Standard

A new scheme of small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam with application of 423 nm shelving detection and sharp-angle velocity selection detection is proposed. Combining these presented techniques, we conclude that a small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam will outperform the commercial caesium-beam microwave dock, like the 5071 Cs clock （from Hp to Agilent, now Symmetricom company）, both in accuracy and stability.     

Picosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering of SrWO4 Crystal

Stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） of picosecond pulses is investigated in a new crystal SrWO4. The second harmonic generation of a mode-locked Nd：YAG laser system is used as the pump source. In an external singlepass configuration, the SRS thresholds for the first to the fourth Stokes lines are measured. For the first Stokes line, the steady-state gain coefficient of the SrWO4 crystal is calculated to be 15.96cm//GW. In our experiment, as many as five Stokes lines （559.23 nm, 589.61 nm, 623.49 nm, 661.50 nm, 704.44 nm） and three anti-Stokes lines （506.97nm, 484.34 nm, 463.65nm） are observed, and the total conversion efficiency is as high as 62%.     

Effect of Nonradiative Recombination on Carrier Dynamics in GaInNAs/GaAs Quantum Wells

The nonradiative recombination effect on carrier dynamics in GalnNAs/GaAs quantum wells is studied by timeresolved photoluminescence （TRPL） and polarization-dependent TRPL at various excitation intensities. It is found that both recombination dynamics and spin relaxation dynamics strongly depend on the excitation intensity. Under moderate excitation intensities the PL decay curves exhibit unusual non-exponential behaviour. This result is well simulated by a rate equation involving both the radiative and non-radiative recombinations via the introduction of a new parameter of the effective concentration of nonradiative recombination centres in the rate equation. In the spin dynamics study, the spin relaxation also shows strong excitation power dependence. Under the high excitation power an increase of spin polarization degree with time is observed. This new finding provides a useful hint that the spin process can be controlled by excitation power in GaInNAs systems.     

Single Qubit and Its Universal Logic Gate Made of a Heisenberg Spin Cluster with Five Particles

We investigate an anisotropic Heisenberg spin cluster with five particles controlled by a time-dependent magnetic field. With the algebraic dynamical method, we obtain the exact analytical solution to the time dependent Schr6dinger equation. Based on the analytical solution, it is shown that the system can be used as a universal single qubit logic gate controlled by the strength and frequency of the magnetic field, and the six special single qubit logic gates can be realized physically. We also discuss the anti-decoherence property of the qubit and its logic gates resulted from particle coupling effect and collectivity of the cluster.     

精密垫片精冲工艺有限元分析与模具设计

精密垫片零件，如图1所示，零件材料为1Cr18Ni9Ti，强度大（σb=650MPa），有一定塑性。从零件尺寸精度看，φ4mm外圆为IT7级精度，φ4mm外圆与φ2mm内孔有很高的同轴度要求，冲裁断面与零件两端面有垂直度要求，普通冲压不能达到零件精度：从工序的角度看，有冲孔和落料工序，剪切面粗糙度Ra≤3．2μm，属于光洁冲裁范畴；另外，技术条件中要求零件两大面不得有任何划伤，且光滑平整。总体上看，该零件的冲压加工性不好，难度较大，对模具的设计、选材、制造要求都较高。     

MODIS通道1和通道2大气订正的一种快速实用方法

提出了利用气象资料对MODIS影像进行大气校正的一种快速实用方法.读取MODIS前两个通道250min的反射率,采用常用的黑色目标扣除法(Dark-object subtraction)计算天空程辐射,通过卫星过境时刻的气象能见度和水汽资料计算大气透过率,最后推导出目标物的反射率.通过比较两个邻近日期MODIS影像校正前后的归一化植被指数(NDVI)值,得出利用本文提出的方法对MODIS进行大气校正所得到的NDVI值更接近实际情况.结果表明:利用气象能见度和水汽压可以对MODIS数据进行快速有效的大气校正.